I had some experience lately with function pointers in C. So going on with the tradition of answering your own questions, I decided to make a small summary of the very basics, for those who need a quick dive-in to the subject.
Also: For a bit of an in-depth analysis of C pointers, see blogs.oracle.com/ksplice/entry/the_ksplice_pointer_challenge. Also, Programming from the Ground Up shows how they work on the machine level. Understanding C's "memory model" is very useful for understanding how C pointers work.